The toxicity and teratogenicity of gibberellic acid (GA3) based on the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX)
نویسندگان
چکیده
This study investigated the developmental toxicity of a plant growth regulator (a type of pesticide) using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay-Xenopus (FETAX). Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to 11 different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3), from stage 8 to 11, for 96 h under static renewal test conditions. The median lethal concentration (LC50), malformation (EC50), non-observed adverse effect concentration (NOAEC), and lowest observed adverse effect concentration (LOAEC) were calculated. The corresponding LC50 and EC50 values determined for GA3exposure were 1117.5 mg/L and 658 mg/L, respectively. The TI (LC50/EC50) value calculated for GA3 was 1.69. Different anomalies occurred in the embryos, depending on the GA3 concentration. Based on these results, we conclude that GA3 is toxic and teratogenic to Xenopus laevis embryos. Moreover, our results confirm that the FETAX assay can be a useful pretest for integrated biological hazard assessment of chemical agents used in agriculture.
منابع مشابه
Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil anaesthetics using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX)
The developmental toxicity of two anaesthetics, 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil, used in aquaculture was evaluated using the Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus (FETAX) and the results were compared to outcomes in fish. Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to 50, 100, 300, 500, 700 and 1000 mg/l of 2-phenoxyethanol or 1, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/l of clove oil. Values of 96 h LC50, 96 h EC50 ...
متن کاملMorphological Changes in Xenopus laevis Embryos with Lithium and Evaluation of the Fetax Test
The main goal was to standardize the FETAX (Frog Embryos Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus) test. Since lithium ions are known to be teratogenic for embryos of many organisms, they were prefferred for our first standardization assay. Xenopus laevis embryos were exposed to lithium chloride (from 2x10–4 to 6 x 10–3 M concentrations) for 96 hours at 2–4 cell stages of development. Exposure to lower LiC...
متن کاملComparative teratogenicity of chlorpyrifos and malathion on Xenopus laevis development.
The embryotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos (CPF) and malathion (MTN), two organophosphorus insecticides (OPs), was evaluated by modified Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay-Xenopus (FETAX). CPF and MTN were not embryolethal even at the highest concentration tested (6000 microg/l), but both exhibited a powerful teratogenicity. The probit analysis of malformed larva percentages showed a TC(50) of 161....
متن کاملTargets and Effects of Yessotoxin, Okadaic Acid and Palytoxin: A Differential Review
In this review, we focus on processes, organs and systems targeted by the marine toxins yessotoxin (YTX), okadaic acid (OA) and palytoxin (PTX). The effects of YTX and their basis are analyzed from data collected in the mollusc Mytilus galloprovincialis, the annelid Enchytraeus crypticus, Swiss CD1 mice and invertebrate and vertebrate cell cultures. OA and PTX, two toxins with a better establis...
متن کاملEmbryotoxicity and teratogenicity of cadmium chloride in Xenopus laevis, assayed by the FETAX procedure.
The embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) were tested by the FETAX (Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay: Xenopus) procedure in the South African frog, Xenopus laevis. In five assays, groups of Xenopus embryos were grown in media that contained CdCl2 at concentrations ranging from 0.75 to 56 mumol per L; control groups were incubated in the same medium without added CdCl2. Th...
متن کامل